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Source: http://reading.my/blog/34449/tools-relating-to-fitness-supplements-basic-information/
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Someone must have declared it Google TV Update Week without telling us: just days after a Vizio Co-Star upgrade, Sony's NSZ-GS7 Internet Player is getting its own tune-up. The Sony update parallels its Vizio counterpart in focusing mostly on the features from the fall 2012 Google TV revamp, including PrimeTime and the updated YouTube app. Viewers pining for Amazon VOD access can also grab its app through Google Play. Sony mostly claims an edge over Vizio through its support for the equally new voice search feature: owners just have to chat with Sony's remote to get things done, instead of leaning on phone or tablet control. However GS7 owners plan to steer their TVs, they'll just need to check for a software update in the days ahead to rejuvenate their set-top boxes.
Filed under: Home Entertainment, HD, Sony
Source: Sony
Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/RhMbtV2Z-ng/
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Feb. 22, 2013 ? Despite years of research, the genetic factors behind many human diseases and characteristics remain unknown. The inability to find the complete genetic causes of family traits such as height or the risk of type 2 diabetes has been called the "missing heritability" problem.
A new study by Princeton University researchers, however, suggests that missing heritability may not be missing after all -- at least not in yeast cells, which the researchers used as a model for studying the problem. Published in the journal Nature, the results suggest that heritability in humans may be hidden due only to the limitations of modern research tools, but could be discovered if scientists know where (and how) to look.
"The message of our study is that if you look hard enough you will find the missing heritability," said the senior researcher, Leonid Kruglyak, Princeton's William R. Harman '63 and Mary-Love Harman Professor in Genomics and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. Kruglyak worked with first author Joshua Bloom, a Princeton graduate student; Wesley Loo, a 2010 Princeton graduate now a graduate student at Harvard University; Thuy-Lan Lite, Class of 2012, who is working at the National Institutes of Health for a year before starting graduate school; and Ian Ehrenreich, a past Princeton postdoctoral researcher now at the University of Southern California.
"We don't think there is some fundamental limitation -- such as that there are things we don't understand about how genes behave -- that is holding us back," Kruglyak said. "Instead, we should be able to detect the heritability in humans if we use the right tools."
Passed down from parent to child, genes determine not only eye color and other physical characteristics but also the risk of diseases. Some inherited diseases are caused by a mutation in a single gene. These single-gene disorders have well-defined patterns of inheritance that can be used to predict the chances that an individual will inherit the disease.
However, many diseases and physical traits arise due to multiple genes, multiple locations within genes, and even the regions of DNA between genes. Across the genome -- which is an individual's total genetic content -- small variations in DNA code can, when added together, increase or decrease the likelihood that a person will develop a disease or characteristic.
Height, for example, results from variations in DNA at multiple locations on the genome. Researchers have detected about 180 locations in the human genome where small alterations in the DNA code can have an influence on how tall or short a person is. Nonetheless, these locations account for only 13 percent of the expected contribution genetic code has on a person's height.
Type 2 diabetes also has missing heritability: About 40 identified genome locations are associated with the risk of developing the condition, but those account for only 10 percent of the estimated genetic influence. Finding the missing heritability for diseases like type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease and schizophrenia could help inform prevention and treatment strategies.
In the present study, the researchers scanned the genomes of yeast cells for DNA variations -- which can be thought of as spelling errors in the four-letter DNA code -- and then matched those variations with qualities or characteristics inherited from the cells' parents. The researchers detected numerous DNA variations that, when added together, accounted for almost all of the offsprings' inherited characteristics, indicating that there was very little missing heritability in yeast.
Although the search for heritability was successful in yeast, finding missing heritability in humans is far more complicated, Kruglyak said. For example, interactions between genes can contribute to heritable traits, but such interactions are difficult to detect with genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which are the primary means by which geneticists look for DNA variations associated with diseases or traits. In addition, environmental factors such as nutrition also can influence gene activity, and these influences can be elusive to the genome-wide study. GWAS also may be inadequate at detecting common DNA spelling errors that have only small effects, or it may fail to find DNA variations that have a large effect but are rare.
The study sheds light on the role of nature (genetic factors) versus nurture (environmental factors) in determining traits and disease risk, according to Bert Vogelstein, director of the Ludwig Center at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.
"The nature versus nurture argument has been brewing for decades, both among scientists and the lay public, and 'missing heritability' has been problematic for the 'nature' component," said Vogelstein, who was not involved in the Princeton study.
"This beautiful study demonstrates that the genetic basis for heritability (nature) can be precisely defined if extensive, well-controlled experiments can be performed," Vogelstein said. "Though the results were obtained in a model organism, I would be surprised if they didn't apply, at least in part, to higher organisms, including humans."
Kruglyak said that one approach to finding the missing heritability in humans might be to apply genome-wide scans to large families, rather than focusing on large populations as is currently done. Family studies take advantage of the fact that the same genetic variations will be more common in families -- and thus easier to detect. However, the disadvantage of family studies is that the detected genetic variations may not be widespread in the population.
For the study in yeast, the team examined the offspring of two yeast cells, one that is commonly used in laboratory studies and the other in wine making. Although yeast usually reproduce asexually, under certain conditions, such as lack of food, two yeast cells will mate and produce offspring that, like human children, receive roughly half their genetic material from each parent. "Our study involves thousands of 'kids' from a single set of parents," Kruglyak said.
The team first sequenced the genomes of the two parent cells and then conducted scans for DNA variations in the genomes of 1,008 offspring. Yeast do not inherit height or disease risk from their parents, but they can inherit the ability to survive in adverse conditions. The researchers tested the parents and their offspring for the ability to grow under various conditions, including different temperatures, acidity levels, food sources, antibiotics, metal compounds, and in drugs such as caffeine.
The researchers then looked for associations between the DNA variations inherited from the parents and growth ability, and determined that the DNA variations accounted for nearly all of the resilience noted in the offspring.
The paper, "Finding the sources of missing heritability in a yeast cross," was published in Nature on Feb. 3, 2013. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R37 MH59520 and R01 GM102308; a James S. McDonnell Centennial Fellowship (L.K.); the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (L.K.); a National Science Foundation (NSF) fellowship (J.S.B.); an NIH postdoctoral fellowship F32 HG51762 (I.M.E.); and NIH grant P50 GM071508 to the Center for Quantitative Biology at the Lewis-Sigler Institute of Princeton University.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Princeton University. The original article was written by Catherine Zandonella.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/bcvfBHxI58A/130222121047.htm
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AUSTIN, Texas/ATLANTA (Reuters) - A man convicted of killing his former girlfriend by dousing her with gasoline and setting her on fire was put to death by lethal injection in Texas on Thursday, the state's first execution of the year.
Carl Henry Blue, 48, was pronounced dead at 6:56 p.m. local time at the state penitentiary at Huntsville, said the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
Blue was convicted of killing ex-girlfriend Carmen Richards-Sanders, 38, in her apartment in Bryan, Texas, in 1994 as she was getting ready to leave for work. His execution was the second in the country this year. Texas leads the United States in total executions.
According to court records, Blue threw open the door to Richards-Sanders' apartment, tossed gasoline on her and another man who was in the home at the time and set the two of them ablaze with a lighter.
"I told you I was gonna get you," Blue said to Richards-Sanders, according to a court summary of the case.
The male victim survived his injuries, but Richards-Sanders died 19 days later due to organ failure caused by burns over 40 percent of her body.
After turning himself in to the police, Blue said the incident was a prank and that he had not intended to kill his ex-girlfriend, said the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
In Georgia, Thursday's scheduled execution of a man convicted of fatally shooting two Mercer University students in 1995 was delayed while the U.S. Supreme Court considered his last-minute appeal.
Attorneys for Andrew Allen Cook, 38, argued the state's method of lethal injection violated state and federal law.
Cook was convicted of killing college students Michele Lee Cartagena, 19, and Grant Patrick Hendrickson, 22, as they sat in a parked car next to a lake near Macon, according to court records. Cook fired 14 shots at the couple with an AR-15 rifle and five shots from a 9-millimeter Ruger handgun.
"The murders were completely random," according to court records. "Cook did not know the victims, and there was no interaction between Cook and the victims before he killed them."
After Cook became a suspect, investigators enlisted the help of his father, a veteran FBI agent, to help track him down. Cook admitted the killings to his father, who testified against his son at trial.
(Writing by Colleen Jenkins; Additional reporting by James B. Kelleher and Kevin Gray; Editing by Paul Thomasch, Andrew Hay and Peter Cooney)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/texas-executes-man-convicted-killing-ex-girlfriend-1994-015138135.html
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MOSCOW (AP) ? The U.S. ambassador to Moscow on Friday called on Russian authorities and media to stop "sensational exploitations" of the death of an adopted boy in the United States.
The Jan. 21 death of 3-year-old Max Shatto, born Maxim Kuzmin, has fueled a fight over Russian adoptions in the U.S. as senior Russian officials accused the boy's adopted mother, Laura Shatto, of killing the boy.
The medical examiner's office in West Texas has not officially pronounced the cause of death and presented only early results, but the report of bruises on Max's body ? although their origin has not been established ? made some Russians jump to a conclusion.
Russian children rights ombudsman Pavel Astakhov last week branded the death as "killing" by Shatto's adoptive American mother. The State Duma's petition to the U.S. Congress on Friday mentioned that the death is "connected to the fact of violence" by the Shattos. The Russian theory that the boy was killed has topped the news on state-controlled media which have been using the case to justify country's move on Dec. 28 to ban all adoptions to the U.S. The ban sparked criticism abroad and a thousands-strong protest rally in Moscow.
In a response to Russian authorities and some state media which were nearly gloating over the death, U.S. Ambassador Michael McFaul said he was "troubled by how my people and my country are being portrayed by some in the Russian press."
"It is time for sensational exploitations of human tragedy to end and for professional work between our two countries to grow, on this issue and many others," he wrote in a blog post on Friday.
Russia's state-controlled Rossiya TV channel aired a live talk show Thursday evening featuring the biological mother of the boy, Yulia Kuzmina, who lost parental custody for Max and his half-brother Kirill Kuzmin over negligence and serious drinking problems.
In a tightly choreographed interview, Kuzmina insisted that Russian custody officials took advantage of her absence from her home town to seize her children. The program's host Mikhail Zelenin introduced Kuzmina as "mourning for Maxim and hoping to get Kirill back" while the experts commenting on the case were largely Kremlin loyalists including author Maria Arbatova who insisted that Kuzmina's children were "stolen" from their mother.
Kuzmina said she gave up drinking and found a job and pledged to fight to get back her other son Kirill, who was also adopted by the Shatto family.
Valentina Chernova from the children's welfare office in Kuzmina's home Pskov region said on the talk show that the woman was stripped of custody of her second children for drinking bouts during pregnancy and her negligence with her first-born.
The RIA Novosti and Interfax news agencies reported Friday that Kuzmina and her boyfriend, who were traveling Thursday night from Moscow to their home town, were taken off the train by police after a drunken brawl.
"It's up to court to decide how fit Kirill and Maxim Kuzmin's mother is for regaining parental custody," Astakhov said in his Twitter account Friday afternoon. "She deserves pity anyhow."
Max's adoptive mother, Laura Shatto, told authorities earlier this week that Max and his half-brother were playing outside the family's home near Odessa, Texas. Shatto said she came out and found the boy unconscious on the ground.
Shirley Standefer, chief investigator for the Ector County Medical Examiner's Office, said that there were signs of bruising on Max's lower abdominal area, but added that a full autopsy would be needed to determine what kind of bruising that was. Authorities also have not received a toxicology report that would have details on whether Max was being given any medication.
The Texas Child Protective Services spokesman said that they had received allegations of physical abuse and neglect, but had not determined whether those allegations were true.
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TEHRAN, Iran (AP) ? An Iranian semi-official news agency says Iran is planning to build an oil refinery in Pakistan.
The plan is part of Iran's effort to decrease international pressure on its oil industry, which has been target of international sanctions over the country's disputed nuclear program.
Thursday's report by Fars quotes Asim Hussain, an adviser to the Pakistani prime minister, as saying that the refinery in the Pakistani port of Gwadar will be able to refine 400,000 barrels a day.
The report says Iran will sell products from the refinery to Pakistan in return of food, especially wheat, meat and rice.
The deal to build the refinery came after a meeting between Iran's oil minister Rostam Ghasemi and the Pakistani adviser.
Source: http://www.seattlepi.com/news/world/article/Iran-plans-to-build-oil-refinery-in-Pakistan-4297105.php
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